Improvement in mortising-machines



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I-IENRY SEL'ICK, OF LEWIS'IOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE S. MEYERS, 0F SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No; 87,879, dated Mtl/rch 16, 1869.

ILIPROVEMENT IN MORTISING-MACHINES.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the lume.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY SELICK, of Lewistown, in the county of Miiin, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mortising-Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to which Amy in sent-ion appertains, to fully understand and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and in which'- -Figure 1 is a top view of my machine;

Figure 2, a side elevation of the same;

Figure 3, a side view of the mechanism whereby the cutter is rotated, and moved laterally;

, Figure 4, a similar view of the mechanism for giving the cutter its forward-progressive motion; and

'Figure 5, a front view of the cutter.

My improvements are especially applicable to that class of machines which is used for boring holes in fence-posts. Fence-posts are usually formed with elongated holes for the reception of the ends of the rails. Heret-ofore these holes have beenformed by boring with an auger at short distances apart, and then, with a chisel, cutting out the wood between said augerholes. This is a very slow and tedious operation, the necessity of which is entirely obviated by the use of my invention.

It will be understood that my machine may also be employed in mortising other work besides that which I have particularly mentioned.

My invention consists in peculiar mechanism, whereby the cutter is rotated, moved laterally and forward simultaneously, so as to form at one operation an elongated opening in or through the timber, as will hereinafter be fully described.

In 'order to enable others to understand my machine, so asto make and use the same, I will n ow proceed to describe it in detail, referring to the accompanying drawings, wherein similar letters of reference indicate corresponding palts in the several figures.

In the drawings- A A represent the uprights, and B B', horizontal beams, which compose the frame-work of my machine. This frame may be made of either wood or metal.

C C are parallel beams, secured to the uprights of the frame-work, and forming ways on which the carriage D is fitted to slide.

These ways C are preferably plated with iron, a a, to prevent wear.

The ways are connected together at the ends by cross-piecesb. d Ilhe carriage D is formed of two parallel side pieces On the topof this carriage is secured a flat plate, e, which is toothed on its inner edge to form a rack.

f is a pin ixedin the top of the upper beam C.

g is a pinion, formed on the under side of a handwheel, h. This hand-wheel, with its pinion, is fitted` loosely on to the pin f, so as to turn thereon.

A hand-nut, j, is screwed onto the pin f, and presses down the fiat spring t on top of the hand-wheel. The pinion is thereby kept in engagement with the rack e, and the spring keeps the nut j from working loose.

A plate is secured to the cross-bars O C, and constitutes a fiat, smooth surface, with which the carriage D is in contact. It also serves to keep the shavings detached by the cutter from iiying into the machinery and clogging the same.

F. is a rectangular sliding frame, which may be made of cast-iron, and which is removable from the framework A B, being supported therein on brackets r11/, secured to the inner faces of the horizontal beams B.

G represents the shaft, to the outer end of which the cutter-head n is secured in a box, s.

This shaft has its inner bearing in a frame, H, which is swivelledto a part of the removable frame F.

The outer bearing of the cutter-shaft is in a.block, o, through which said shaft passes, and which is fitted between the front cross-piece q of the, frame F, and a plate, 1, secured to the same.

Both the piece q and the plate 11 are formed with curved longitudinal slots q which receive lugs r, formed,

one ou the top, and one on the under side of the block` o. By the use of these slots and the swivelled frame', the shaft G is allowed a lateral movement,P which is imparted to it by means of mechanism to be hereinafter described'.

I will now describe the mechanism whereby the cutter-'shaft is rotated.

0n the inner end of said shaft, and within the swivelled frame H, a pinion, t, is keyed. v

This latter engages with a gear-wheel, u, on a shaft, J, which has its bearings in the cross-plate u and end piece w of the frame F.

K is a band-pulley mounted on shaft J..

The lateral motion of the cutter-shaft is effected as follows:

A pinion, x, on the shaft J, gears with a horizontal bevelled-cog wheel, y, which is keyed on the vertical shaft z, mounted in transverse plates c c, attached respectively to the upper and lower sides of the frame F.

On this same shaft z, above the wheel o, a pinion, b,is keyed, which, engaging with the wheel c', on arbor c", communicates motion thereto. A

This shaft z slides vertically in its bearings, and at its upper end is attached to a lever, n, pivoted at o.

By depressing this lever, the wheel y is lowered, and

thereby disengaged from the pinion x. The mechanism for giving to the cutter its forward and lateral motion, is .thereby disconnected from themachinery which communicates the rotary motion, which latter only continues.

d is a wrist-pin` adjustable in the upper face of the wheel c', so that it may be moved nearer to or further from the periphery.

With-this pin d', -one end of a lever, e', is connected by means of ra connecting-rod, f', which is jointed to the lever at g.

The lever e has its fulcrum at h', and to its end, opposite g', a connecting-rod, i', is jointed. This latter is connected in any snitable'manner to the sliding bearing-block o. It will be seen that as the crankwheel is rotated, a reciprocating motion is imparted to the block o through the medium of the lever and connecting-rods. The pin is made adjustable, so that the leverage of the crank-wheel may be increased or diminished, whereby the movement of the block o is regulated, and the latter is consequently caused to form an opening more or less elongated. If the pin be set directly in the centre of the wheel, the form of the hole made by the cutter will be round.

I will now proceed to describe the mechanism whereby the forward-progressive motion of the cutter is effected. Y

0n the under side of the wheel c', I form two tap pets, or projections k', exactly opposite each other.

As the wheel revolves, these tappets engage with the teeth of a pinion, j', and communicate to the same an intermittent rotary motion.

This pinion 7" is keyed to a vertical arbor, l', which has its bearings in the frame F.

On the lower portion of this arbor, a worrn,'m, is formed.

. Thjsworm engages with a pinion keyed to a horizontal shaft, o', passing through one of the side pieces of the frame F.

On the outer end of this shaft, a pinion, p', is keyed.

The pinion p engages with the teeth of a rack, q, attached to the lower edge of a lever, fr, pivoted, at s', to the inside of one of the horizontal beams B of the main frame.

By means of the worm, the pinion p' is rotated at intervals, and at each rotation, by engagement with the rack q', the entireframe F is moved slightly forard, carrying with it the cutter.- This forward movement takes place when the cutter is at the end of the mortise. v

vt represents a spring secured to a lug, projecting upward from one side ofthe frame F. l The free end of this spring bears against the cogs of the pinion j', and prevents said wheel from moving too far when not mortising.

O is a jointed angular lever connected with the upper side of the frame F, near the rear end of the latter, and pivoted at its angle 'v' to the main frame B. This lever extends to the front of the machine, and is used to run theframe F ou its ways.

Z is an indicator, attached to the under side of the lower beam C. It is so formed as to project up in front of the carriage D, and its use is to assist in the adjustment of the rail.

. Before concluding, I wish to describe more fully my cutting-bit. This bit, as before stated, is secured in a box attached to the shaft, so that it may' be removed and another substituted in its place.

The cutter has a perforation, :112, through the centre, which communicates with a transverse opening, y2. The cutter is provided with cutting-edges, for the purpose of cutting away that which stands uncut when the cutter moves forward at the ends of the mortise. This chip passes out through the centre and side openings behind. The face of the cutter -is bevelledfand is alsoprovided with curved cutting-edges by which the main part of the work is done.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

The machine is first put in motion by a belt passing around the pulley, or in any other suitable wayA The lever 1, above the carriage, is then elevated to 'the upper rest, thereby being disconnected from the feed-wheel, or pinion p. The sliding frameF is thrown back by elevating the lever O below the carriage. A post is then clamped in the brackets, and moved to the proper place to receive the inortise, by the handwheel. The lever r is then depressed to the lower rest, and the cutter begins its progressive movement as described. When the mortise is made a certain depth, or through the post, the forward-progressive movement stops, though the rest continues. The lever a" above is then elevated, as before, and the frame and cutter thrownback by the lever below. The carriage is then moved by the hand-wheel, and the post 'carried to where the indicator shows the next mortise to be made. The indicator points to the centre of the mortise. The lever above is then depressed again, and the sauge movements produced. These operations are performed indefinitely while the machine is running.

Brackets k, or their equivalents, are applied to the front of the carriage D for supporting the post, which may be clamped therein by means of hand-screws Z working through the front of each bracket.

Having thus described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Let- 1. The combination of the cutter-shaft G, swivelled frame H, block o, lever e', pitman i', and rod f', adjustably connected with crank -wheel c', when arranged upon a sliding frame, F, all operated substantially as herein shown and described.

2. The detachable cutter, perforated longitudinally and transversely, and constructed substantially as described, in combination with the block o, swivelled frame H, crank-wheel c', adjustable connection f', lever e', and pitman i', all arranged upon the slidingframe F, and operating substantially as herein set forth.

3. The described arrangement upon the sliding-frame F, of the worm-shaft Z m, pinion j', wheel c' having tappets L, pinious p on shaft o', operating in connection with the rack lr y pivoted to the main frame, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

4. The described arrangement of the carriage D, provided with devices for holding the timber upon the ways C O, said carriage being operated by means of the rack c, the pinion g, and hand-wheel h on xed pin j, and the spring i, all arranged and operating substantially as herein described,

5. -The shaft J, gearing a b x, adjustable shaft z, wheel y, and pinion b', the crank-wheel c', with tappets k', the lever e', and connections f i', the worm-shaft l', pinion j', and shaft o', with a pinion, p', at each end, in combination with the cutter-shaft G, swivelled frame H, and block o, all arranged upon the frame F, and operating in connection with the rack lr q', pivoted to the main frame, to produce the rotary, lateral, and progressive motions of the cutter, substantially as herein set forth.

To the above, I have signed my name, this 14th day of December, 1868.

HENRY SELIOK.

Witnesses:

N. J. RUDISILL, GEORGE RUDIsrLL. 

